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Cardiac Cycle: Cardiology Exam Questions

Made from lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, a 12 minute lecture recording

What are the two pumps in the heart and their respective circulations?
The heart has two pumps working side by side: the right side receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and sends it through the lungs (pulmonary circulation), while the left side receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the whole body (systemic circulation).
Source: lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, around 0:28
What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
The SA node is the natural pacemaker of the heart; it initiates the electrical impulse by slowly depolarizing on its own, causing both atria to contract together.
Source: lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, around 1:52
At what rate can the AV node pace the heart?
The AV node can pace the heart at around 40 to 60 beats per minute.
Source: lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, around 3:43
What does a wider QRS complex on an ECG indicate about ventricular conduction?
A wider QRS suggests that the impulse is traveling through the ventricles by a slower route, for example, because one of the bundle branches is blocked.
Source: lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, around 4:49
What causes the first heart sound (lub) during the cardiac cycle?
The first heart sound (lub) is caused by the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of ventricular systole.
Source: lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, around 7:50
What does the time interval between the 'lub' and 'dub' heart sounds represent?
The time between 'lub' and 'dub' represents ventricular systole, the phase when the ventricles contract to pump blood.
Source: lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, around 8:17
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart rate at rest?
Parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve release acetylcholine at the SA node, slowing the heart rate. At rest, the vagus nerve is dominant, causing the resting heart rate to be slower than the intrinsic rate of the SA node.
Source: lecture-cardiac-cycle.wav, around 10:28

Heart Anatomy

Made from heart-en.png, a heart diagram with its labels

Covered label: Superior Vena Cava
Covered label: Aorta
Covered label: Pulmonary Artery
Covered label: Pulmonary Vein
Covered label: Left Atrium
Covered label: Right Atrium
Covered label: Mitral Valve
Covered label: Aortic Valve
Covered label: Pulmonary Valve
Covered label: Left Ventricle
Covered label: Right Ventricle
Covered label: Tricuspid Valve
Covered label: Inferior Vena Cava
Covered label: Pericardium

GDPR Lawful Bases: Exam Cards

Made from gdpr-lawful-bases.pptx, a 5 slide deck

Consent
Consent is any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject's wishes by which they signify agreement to the processing of personal data relating to them. It must be demonstrable and can be withdrawn at any time, withdrawing consent being as easy as giving it.
Source: gdpr-lawful-bases.pptx, slide 5
Contract
Contract as a lawful basis means processing is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is party, or to take steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a contract.
Source: gdpr-lawful-bases.pptx, slide 2
Legal obligation
Legal obligation means processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the controller is subject.
Source: gdpr-lawful-bases.pptx, slide 3
Vital interests
Vital interests means processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject or another natural person.
Source: gdpr-lawful-bases.pptx, slide 3
Public task
Public task means processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller.
Source: gdpr-lawful-bases.pptx, slide 3
Legitimate interests
Legitimate interests means processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or a third party, except where overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject, especially if the data subject is a child. This basis does not apply to processing by public authorities in the performance of their tasks.
Source: gdpr-lawful-bases.pptx, slide 4

Newton's Laws of Motion

Researched on the web from a one line request

Newton's First Law
A body remains at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by a net external force. This means that without a force, the state of motion does not change.
Source: Chapter 7 Newton's Laws of Motion (lehman.edu)
Newton's Second Law
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration, expressed as F = m a. This law quantifies how force changes motion.
Source: Chapter 7 Newton's Laws of Motion (lehman.edu)
Definition of Force according to Newton
Force is an action exerted upon a body to change its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line. It is proportional to the acceleration produced and the inertial mass of the body.
Source: Chapter 7 Newton's Laws of Motion (lehman.edu)
Inertial Mass
Inertial mass is the constant of proportionality between force and acceleration, representing the quantity of matter in a body. It measures resistance to acceleration.
Source: Chapter 7 Newton's Laws of Motion (lehman.edu)
Newton's Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means forces always come in pairs acting on two different bodies.
Source: General knowledge

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